電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜主要由導電(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯，絕(jue)緣層、護套(tao)層三個基本(ben)的結構元件組(zu)成．
電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜主要由導(dao)電(dian)線(xian)芯，絕緣(yuan)層、護套層三(san)個基本的結構元件組(zu)成．
電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)沒有(you)(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)界限，但從(cong)廣意上講，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結構較復(fu)雜(za)，它有(you)(you)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)護套層，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)結構比較簡單有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅(jin)有(you)(you)導體和絕(jue)(jue)緣層，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)(you)編織涂臘輕便護層或包覆一層輕型的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟護層．電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯是(shi)用于(yu)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)．為(wei)減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)能損(sun)耗及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降，導電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯一般選(xuan)用導電(dian)(dian)(dian)率高的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅和鋁(lv)制成． 絕(jue)(jue)緣層的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)沿(yan)徑向泄(xie)漏(lou)，因此要求絕(jue)(jue)緣層要具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)絕(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)能．耐熱性(xing)能和一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)強度．
在絕(jue)緣線芯或成纜線芯外(wai)(wai)面(mian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)覆蓋(gai)層稱為(wei)電纜的(de)(de)護(hu)(hu)(hu)層（在護(hu)(hu)(hu)層外(wai)(wai)面(mian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)覆蓋(gai)層則(ze)稱為(wei)外(wai)(wai)護(hu)(hu)(hu)層）．護(hu)(hu)(hu)層的(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用(yong)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)絕(jue)緣層．它(ta)的(de)(de)主要性能是防(fang)潮、防(fang)油、防(fang)腐．防(fang)日光老化、耐(nai)燃，以(yi)及機械保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(外(wai)(wai)護(hu)(hu)(hu)層的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)主要是加強對電纜的(de)(de)機械保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)．它(ta)承(cheng)受拉力、磕碰)，還具有防(fang)電、防(fang)磁(ci)干抗等(deng)作(zuo)用(yong)
從電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度講(jiang)，編織(zhi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)許(xu)多種(zhong)護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)或(huo)外護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)之一(yi)．但是，根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)編織(zhi)層(ceng)使用的(de)(de)材料及編織(zhi)層(ceng)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構中的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)部位，編織(zhi)層(ceng)的(de)(de)作用顯然(ran)是不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)．
一、纖維編(bian)織層的作(zuo)用
對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)線，纖維編(bian)(bian)織層是(shi)其輕型保(bao)護(hu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)形式．它 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要作用是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)不(bu)受或少受各(ge)種(zhong)光，熱、潮．低溫、 酸堿氣體等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵蝕和外界機械(xie)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損傷，確(que)保(bao)電(dian)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運 行(xing)．而對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)纜，纖維編(bian)(bian)織層往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)在護(hu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間(jian)，借以增 強護(hu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗撕裂強度，如加強型護(hu)套就是(shi)在橡皮(pi)或塑料(liao)護(hu)層 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間(jian)加入棉紗，麻等纖維編(bian)(bian)織層，以提高護(hu)層強度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)．
二、金(jin)屬編(bian)織層(ceng)的作用
金屬(shu)編(bian)(bian)織(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)主要有銅絲編(bian)(bian)織(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)和鋼絲（鐵絲）編(bian)(bian)織(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)兩(liang)種，
銅絲(si)編織的主要作用是：
l-防電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)的屏蔽作用(yong)如鍍錫銅絲(si)編(bian)(bian)織(zhi)的藍用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、銅絲(si)編(bian)(bian)織(zhi)的控制電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等(deng)．
2.消(xiao)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面電(dian)(dian)位的屏蔽作用(yong)．它起(qi)束縛電(dian)(dian)力線和消(xiao)感應電(dian)(dian)，如高壓電(dian)(dian)纜的總屏蔽．
3.安 全保護的(de)屏(ping)(ping)蔽作用．在主(zhu)芯絕緣外(wai)編織銅絲(si)并與地(di)芯良好(hao)的(de)接觸(chu)或作地(di)線(xian)用，能及時反應漏電情況，如(ru)屏(ping)(ping)蔽型礦用電纜。
鋼絲編織的主要作用是：
l．機(ji)械保護(hu)作用．如(ru)船用電(dian)力電(dian)纜CF31型．
2．承(cheng)受縱向拉(la)斷力，如海洋地質勘探用測(ce)磁電(dian)纜WC- GC、WCT型．
3．磁場屏蔽。
